The effect of DS/Cu on MAPK and NFκB pathways. The overnight cultured BC cells were exposed to PAC1 μ, DS1 μ/Cu1 μ or PAC1 μ/DS1 μ/Cu1 μ for indicated time lengths. The expression levels and phosphorylation status of proteins in JNK (A) and p38 (B) pathways were detected by western blot. (C) The activation of JNK and p38 pathways was reversed by NAC. The phosphorylation of cJun and p38 in BC cell lines was determined by western blot after exposure to DS/Cu or DS/Cu plus NAC (10 m) for 24 h. (D) NFκB DNA-binding activity was analysed by electrophoretic mobility-shift assay assay. Nu: western blot of nucleolin was used as a protein loading control. The BC cell lines were treated with PAC1 μ, DS1 μ/Cu1 μ or PAC/DS/Cu for 24 h. (E) NFκB transcriptional activity examined by luciferase reporter gene assay after exposure to PAC1 μ, DS1 μ/Cu1 μ or PAC/DS/Cu for 24 h.
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