PEDF expression maintains stemness and self-renewal of GSCs. (A, C) LDA was performed in GSCs (CSC2 and X01) infected with shPEDF1-expressing lentiviral, shPEDF1 with PEDF-overexpressing lentiviral, or control construct. CSC2-Con or CSC-shPEDF1; p = 0.000201, CSC2-Con or CSC-shPEDF1-PEDF; p = 0.576, CSC2-shPEDF1 or CSC-shPEDF1-PEDF; p = 2.23e-05 (A) and X01-Con or X01-shPEDF1; p = 0.000265, X01-Con or X01-shPEDF1-PEDF; p = 0.589, X01-shPEDF1 or X01-shPEDF1-PEDF; p = 2.99e-05 (C). (B, D) IB analysis of PEDF (in medium), Sox2, Nestin, and GFAP in CSC2-Con, CSC2-shPEDF1, or CSC2-shPEDF1-PEDF (B) and X01-Con, X01-shPEDF1, or X01-shPEDF1-PEDF (D). β-actin was used as a loading control. (E) LDA was performed in X02 infected with PEDF-expressing lentiviral or control construct. X02-Con or X02-PEDF; p = 0.00936. (F) IB analysis of PEDF (in medium), Sox2, Nestin, and GFAP in X02-Con or X02-PEDF cells. β-actin was used as a loading control. (G) IB analysis of PEDF (in medium), p-EGFR, EGFR, p-STAT3, STAT3, Nestin, Sox2, and GFAP in X02-Con, X02-EGFRvIII, X02-shPEDF2, or X02-EGFRvIII coinfected with shPEDF2-expressing lentiviral construct. (H) Sphere formation assay was performed in X02-Con, X02-EGFRvIII, X02-shPEDF2, or X02-EGFRvIII coinfected with shPEDF2-expressing lentiviral construct. The graph represents the average proportion of sphere number. Counted sphere size is greater than 100 μm. All error bars represent mean ± SEM ( n = 3). * p
{}