Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom
{"Image DocumentName": "Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom", "Image ImageDescription": "2686 B.C. \u2013 2150 B.C. Pharaohs organized a strong central state, were absolute rulers, and were considered Gods. Egyptians built pyramids at Giza. Middle Kingdom B.C. \u2013 1640 B.C.(King Mentuhotep II) Traders had contacts with Middle East and Crete. Corruption and rebellions were common. New Kingdom. Powerful pharaohs created a large empire that reached the Euphrates River. Ramses and Hatshepsut. Egypt and Nubia. From around 1554 B.C. the king was given the title of pharaoh. They were the ultimate beings in terms of power. Every aspect of Egyptian life was under the pharaoh\u2019s control. Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was responsible for the annual flooding of the Nile that helped the crops grow. Pyramids: A place where they could rest eternally. No one knows exactly how the pyramids were built but many historians believe that stone blocks, some weighing as heavy as cars, were dragged to the site on wooden sleds pulled by workers. Layer by layer the pyramid grew. Herodotus, the Greek historian in the 5th century BC, estimated that construction may have required 100,000 workers for 20 years. A pyramid was a tomb for Egypt\u2019s pharaohs. Middle Kingdom: King Mentuhotep II reunited Egypt and restored order. Crete was the center of the Minoan civilization (ca. 2600\u20131400 BCE), the oldest civilization in Europe. Hyksos: An Asiatic people who overran Asia. They introduced new types of warfare including the composite bow. The first pharaoh from 1550 B.C. \u2013 1525 B.C., Ahmose I, finally expelled the Hyksos from their last holdout in Lower Egyptin by the 16th year of his reign.", "Image XResolution": "37", "Image YResolution": "37", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "SlidePlayer", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered"}