Research and design issues
{"Image DocumentName": "Research and design issues", "Image ImageDescription": "Where best to place actuators on body. Whether to use single or sequence of \u2018touches\u2019 When to buzz and how intense. How does the wearer feel it in different contexts? What kind of new smartphones/smart-watches apps can use vibrotactile creatively? e.g. slow tapping to feel like water dropping that is meant to indicate it is about to rain and heavy tapping to indicate a thunderstorm is looming. Haptics are now commonly used in gaming consoles and controllers to heighten the experience. Haptic feedback is also being developed in clothing and other wearables as a way of simulating being touched, stroked, prodded or buzzed. A promising application area is sensory-motor skills, such as in sports training and learning to play a musical instrument. For example, patterns of vibrations have been played across snowboarders bodies to indicate which moves to take whilst snowboarding. A study reported faster reaction times than when the same instructions were given verbally (Spelmezan et al, 2009). A key design question is where best to place the actuators on the body, whether to use a single or a sequence of touches, when to activate, what intensity and how often to use them to make the feeling of being touched convincing (e.g. Jones and Sarter, 2008). Providing continuous haptic feedback would be simply too annoying. People would also habituate too quickly to the feedback. Intermittent buzzes can be effective at key moments when a person needs to attend to something but not necessarily tell them what to do. For example, a study by Johnson et al (2010) of a commercially available haptic device, intended to improve posture through giving people a vibrotactile buzz whenever they slouched, found that while the buzzing did not show them how to improve their posture it did improve their body awareness.  73.", "Image XResolution": "37", "Image YResolution": "37", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "SlidePlayer", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered"}