Research in acute HF: Conclusions Morbidity and mortality of patients with acute HF remain unacceptably high Treatment of acute HF continues to remain largely anecdotal without much progress in the last decades Risk stratification with the identification of simple clinical variables seems to be feasible in any clinical setting In any case, the application of risk scores in the real world of acute HF could be limited by: The heterogeneity of this clinical condition The different patho-physiological background The various clinical settings (and doctor profiles) in which patients with AHF are managed Further efforts should be focused on planning research in the field of AHF
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