Change in HRV Physiological Measures across Timepoints. LS mean values for HRV parameters and breathing rate at each timepoint: -3 months (baseline assessment), 0 months (pre-treatment assessment), 3 months (post-treatment assessment) and 9 months (follow-up assessment). Pairwise LS mean change values between timepoints are summarized in the top of each graph (values from Table 3). Respiration rate decreased during the active treatment period (gray shading). Ln(SDNN), ln(RMSSD), and ln(HF) LS mean values increased over the control waiting period. Although not specifically labeled, there was no change over the waiting period for ln(VLF) or ln(LF). Error bars represent the standard error. VLF: power in the very low frequency domain; LF: power in the low frequency domain; HF: power in the high frequency domain. SDNN: standard deviation normal to normal beat intervals; RMSSD: root mean square of successive normal to normal beat interval differences. aThese LS mean values have been back-transformed from the natural log values displayed in the top graph. Error bars are not included because they are not appropriate for back-transformed data. Significance markers are not included on back-transformed data graphs because they appear on the ln-transformed graphs. ns: p>0.0125, change not significant at the Bonferroni-corrected significance level. * p≤0.0125. **** p≤0.0001.
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