MTMM In the classical MTMM matrix, an observed score yij is linear decomposed into three unobserved components: y ij = v i F i + m j M j + e ij * y ij : a measure of ith trait by jth method Fi : the ith trait Mj : jth method factor eij : random (residual) error The slope parameter v i can be considered the validity coefficients, and the slope parameter m j is the invalidity coefficients, This formulation makes explicit that some of the reliable variance is actually invalid since it is induced by the measurement instrument (or scale) used (Alwin, 1997, p.
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