A Epifluorescence microscopic images of acridine orange stained slides, ( a ) intact soil sample and ( b ) soil sample after cell extraction. B Acridine orange staining-based microbial cell count by epifluoresence microscopy before and after cell extraction. C Electrophoresed 1 % gel showing amplified 16S rRNA gene, M molecular weight marker, lane 1 : amplified 16S rRNA gene from environmental DNA extracted by newly developed method, lane 2–7 : amplification of 16S rRNA gene from DNA extracted by published methods and kits, (it can be observed that DNA was unable to amplify by these methods). D Electrophoresed 1 % agarose gel showing, lane M : SuperMix DNA ladder (0.5 kb to 33 kb), lane 1 : environmental DNA, lane 2 : mixture of environmental DNA extracted from newly developed method and λ DNA digested with Hind III, lane 3 : λ DNA digested with Hind III and. E Polyacrylamide gel (9 %) showing: lane M molecular weight marker 100 bp, lane 2 : λ DNA digested using Hind III, lane 3 : completely digested environmental DNA extracted with newly developed method with Hae III (10 h), and lane 4 : partially digested environmental DNA extracted with newly developed method with Hae III (1 h). F Electrophoresed 1 % agarose gel showing DNA marker and extracted environmental DNA by various methods. M denotes molecular weight marker, lane 1 : showing environmental DNA extracted by newly developed method, lane 2 : high concentration of lysozyme lysis method (Gabor et al. 2003 ), lane 3 : hot detergent lysis method (Desai and Madamwar 2006 ), lane 4 : bead beating lane (Miller et al. 1999 ) 5 : NucleoSpin Soil Extract II, lane 6 : Soil gDNA isolation kit (XcelGen), lane 7 : ZR Soil Microbe DNA MiniPrep. G UV–visible absorbance spectra of environmental DNA extracted by described mentioned methods and kits
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