Dose-dependent inhibition of ET-induced changes in CCL2, CXCL1 andCX3CL1 mRNA levels by signal transduction inhibitors.Serum-starved astrocytes were treated with 100 nM ET-1 for one (CCL2 andCXCL1) or six (CX3CL1) hours. Different concentrations of signaltransduction inhibitors (SN50, mithramycin, SB203580, SP600125 andstaurosporine) were included in the medium 30 minutes before treatmentwith ET-1. The expression of CCL2, CXCL1 and CX3CL1 mRNA was normalizedto G3PDH and expressed as the % of no treatment cultures. Data are themean ± SEM of 6 to 12 experiments. *P <0.05,**P <0.01 versus no treatment,#P <0.05, ##P <0.01versus ET-1 with no inhibitor by one-way ANOVA followed byFisher's PLSD test. ANOVA, analysis of variance; ET, endothelin;G3PDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; PLSD, protected leastsignificant difference; SEM, standard error of the mean.
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