Actions of Botulinum Neurotoxin II Botulism Learning Objectives
{"Image DocumentName": "Actions of Botulinum Neurotoxin II Botulism Learning Objectives", "Image ImageDescription": "Overview. Microbiology. Transmission. Types of Botulism. Actions of the toxin. Clinical features. Differential diagnosis. Investigations. Treatment. Key points. Summary. References and further reading. Questions. The heavy chain of the toxin binds to the receptors, allowing the light chain to translocate into the nerve cell via receptor mediated-endocytosis. Inside the cytoplasm, the toxin produces an irreversible disruption in stimulation-induced acetylcholine release by that presynaptic nerve terminal. Recovery. Recovery is slow as new synaptic terminals must form from the original nerve plate, a process that takes approximately six months. Adrenergic nerves are unaffected and the toxin seems unable to cross the blood brain barrier so limiting damage to the peripheral cholinergic system. If onset is very rapid, there may be no symptoms before sudden respiratory paralysis occurs.", "Image XResolution": "37", "Image YResolution": "37", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "SlidePlayer", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered"}