The triumph of Shapur I (r. 241-272). This Sassanid rock relief depicts Shapur's victory over two Roman emperors, Valerian and Philip the Arab. This is presented at Naqsh-e Rustam, where Shapur is represented on horseback wearing royal armour and crown. Before him kneels Philip the Arab, in Roman dress, asking for grace. In his right hand the king grasps the uplifted arms of what may be Valerian; one of his hands is hidden in his sleeve as the sign of submission.
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