Amyloid oligomers cause loss of hippocampal mushroom spines in vitro.a Primary hippocampal neurons from WT mice were transfected with TD-Tomato and visualized by confocal imaging. Representative images are shown for cultures exposed to Aβ40, Aβ42 or vehicle (Ctrl). Scale bar corresponds to 5 μm. On the Aβ42 panel all quantified types of spines are indicated: MS with an arrow, T with a triangle, S with a square, dendritic elements that were not counted as spines are labelled with a yellow star. The mean data from four independent experiments are shown. b Average percentages of mushroom (M), stubby (S) and thin (T) spines are shown for cultures exposed to Aβ40, Aβ42 or vehicle (Ctrl). For spine quantification n = 8–10 (for each treatment per one experiment) neurons were analyzed. Values are shown as mean ± SEM. **: p < 0.005 by ANOVA one-way and post hoc tests
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