Zooming into bacterial diversity. The leftmost tree shows the relationships between streptococcal species. Note how every S. mitis is as different from every other on average as from the pneumococcus (the tight black dot). Zooming in to the greater resolution offered by MLST, we find many diverse lineages separated by long branches. The genome tree shows relationships among isolates in just one tip of the MLST tree. Genomic studies reveal gain and loss of major antigens as well as other important features of bacterial evolution.
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