Cardiac Effects Increased Blood Pressure- chronic or only during periods of withdrawal Increased Blood Pressure- chronic or only during periods of withdrawal Increased ischemic heart disease Increased ischemic heart disease Cardiomyopathy- direct toxic or nutritional effects Cardiomyopathy- direct toxic or nutritional effects Arrhythmias, especially atrial Arrhythmias, especially atrial Heart failure as a result of above Heart failure as a result of above
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