Note that no random noise corrupts the state process as it evolves with time. The color code on a resistor indicates its precision, or tolerance, from which one can deduce assuming that the population of resistors has a Gaussian or normal histogram that the uncertainty (variance) of the 100-ohm value is, say, (2 ohm)2. So our best estimate of x, with no measurements, is x0/– = 100 with an uncertainty of P0/– = 4. Repeated ohmmeter measurement,
{"Image DocumentName": "Note that no random noise corrupts the state process as it evolves with time. The color code on a resistor indicates its precision, or tolerance, from which one can deduce assuming that the population of resistors has a Gaussian or normal histogram that the uncertainty (variance) of the 100-ohm value is, say, (2 ohm)2. So our best estimate of x, with no measurements, is x0/\u2013 = 100 with an uncertainty of P0/\u2013 = 4. Repeated ohmmeter measurement,", "Image ImageDescription": "zk = xk + vk [2] directly yield the resistance value with some measurement noise, vk (measurement errors from turn-on to turn-on are assumed uncorrelated). The ohmmeter manufacturer indicates the measurement noise uncertainty to be Rk = (1 ohm)2 with an average value of zero about the true resistance.", "Image XResolution": "37", "Image YResolution": "37", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "SlidePlayer", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered"}