Themes In 12 Angry Men Groupthink Obedience To Authority Conformity
{"Image DocumentName": "Symptoms of Groupthink", "Image ImageDescription": "Illusion of invulnerability \u2013Creates excessive optimism that encourages taking extreme risks. Collective rationalization \u2013 Members discount warnings and do not reconsider their assumptions. Belief in inherent morality \u2013 Members believe in the rightness of their cause and therefore ignore the ethical or moral consequences of their decisions. Stereotyped views of out-groups \u2013 Negative views of enemy make effective responses to conflict seem unnecessary. Direct pressure on dissenters \u2013 Members are under pressure not to express arguments against any of the group\u2019s views. Self-censorship \u2013 Doubts and deviations from the perceived group consensus are not expressed. Illusion of unanimity \u2013 The majority view and judgments are assumed to be unanimous. Self-appointed \u2018mindguards\u2019 \u2013 Members protect the group and the leader from information that is problematic or contradictory to the group\u2019s cohesiveness, view, and/or decisions. When the above symptoms exist in a group that is trying to make a decision, there is a reasonable chance that groupthink will happen, although it is not necessarily so. These group pressures lead to carelessness and irrational thinking since groups experiencing groupthink fail to consider all alternatives and seek to maintain unanimity. Decisions shaped by groupthink have low probability of achieving successful outcomes.", "Image XResolution": "37", "Image YResolution": "37", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "SlidePlayer", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered"}