DNA ≠ ethnicity Genetic (not social or cultural) relationships - similarities may suggest geographical origin Analyses of modern Y-chromosome DNA: Immigration during the 1 st millennium AD from Frisia, North Germany, and Denmark Regional differences – 24.4 to 100% Estimated 250,000 - 500,000 male immigrants (Currently-unverified) mtDNA analysis: <20% female immigration = <100,000 Taking into consideration archaeological evidence: 100,000-200,000, over c.
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